See upilnować on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "u-",
"4": "pilnować",
"etydate": "r,1656,1688<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">“UPILNOWAĆ”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite><span class=\"e-translation\">Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>], 07.05.2010</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "From u- + pilnować. First attested in 1656–1688.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From u- + pilnować. First attested in 1656–1688.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilnować",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "perfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m upilnował",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"upilnował",
"upilnował#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m upilnowała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowała",
"upilnowała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m upilnowało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowało",
"upilnowało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy upilnowali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowali",
"upilnowali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy upilnowały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowały",
"upilnowały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś upilnował",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"upilnował",
"upilnował#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś upilnowała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowała",
"upilnowała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś upilnowało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowało",
"upilnowało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście upilnowali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowali",
"upilnowali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście upilnowały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowały",
"upilnowały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech upilnuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech upilnuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech upilnują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowawszy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"anterior",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pf",
"impf": "pilnować"
},
"expansion": "upilnować pf (imperfective pilnować)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"u‧pil‧no‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"u‧pil‧no‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 26 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms prefixed with u-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over (to ensure nothing bad happens to someone)"
],
"id": "en-upilnować-pl-verb-idDWDA4R",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gen<over whom/what>",
"3": ";",
"4": ":przed(ins)<from what>",
"5": "[':', <LINK(['żeby']){} >, ' ', <LINK(['nie']){} >, \"(inf/past-cl)<what shouldn't happen>\"]"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive ‘over whom/what’; in addition, with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’",
"with żeby nie (+ infinitive"
],
"words": [
"genitive",
"‘over",
"whom/what’;",
"in",
"addition",
"past-tense",
"clause)",
"‘what",
"shouldn't",
"happen’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to watch over (to ensure nothing bad happens to someone) [with genitive ‘over whom/what’; in addition, with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "uchronić"
},
{
"word": "ustrzec"
}
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 26 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms prefixed with u-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over (to ensure that someone does what they ought to)"
],
"id": "en-upilnować-pl-verb-90zMQjLx",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc<over whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative ‘over whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"accusative",
"‘over",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to watch over (to ensure that someone does what they ought to) [with accusative ‘over whom’]"
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 26 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms prefixed with u-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over (to ensure that something is as it ought to be)"
],
"id": "en-upilnować-pl-verb-d2LGl8Ef",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gen<over what>",
"3": "[':', <LINK(['żeby']){} >, ' ', <LINK(['nie']){} >, \"(inf/past-cl)<what shouldn't happen>\"]"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive ‘over what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with żeby nie (+ infinitive"
],
"words": [
"genitive",
"‘over",
"what’;",
"past-tense",
"clause)",
"‘what",
"shouldn't",
"happen’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to watch over (to ensure that something is as it ought to be) [with genitive ‘over what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]"
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 26 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 27 27 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms prefixed with u-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over each other (to ensure nothing bad happens to one another),"
],
"id": "en-upilnować-pl-verb-h-3URbIh",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to watch over each other (to ensure nothing bad happens to one another), [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ustrzec się"
}
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/u.pilˈnɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.pilˈnɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "upilnować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish perfective verbs",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂ew",
"Polish terms prefixed with u-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "u-",
"4": "pilnować",
"etydate": "r,1656,1688<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">“UPILNOWAĆ”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite><span class=\"e-translation\">Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>], 07.05.2010</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "From u- + pilnować. First attested in 1656–1688.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From u- + pilnować. First attested in 1656–1688.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pilnować",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "perfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujemy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujesz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujecie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuje się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m upilnował",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"upilnował",
"upilnował#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m upilnowała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowała",
"upilnowała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m upilnowało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowało",
"upilnowało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy upilnowali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowali",
"upilnowali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy upilnowały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowały",
"upilnowały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś upilnował",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"upilnował",
"upilnował#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś upilnowała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowała",
"upilnowała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś upilnowało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowało",
"upilnowało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście upilnowali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowali",
"upilnowali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście upilnowały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"upilnowały",
"upilnowały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnował",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by upilnowały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech upilnuję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnuj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnujcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech upilnuje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech upilnują",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowawszy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"anterior",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "upilnowanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pf",
"impf": "pilnować"
},
"expansion": "upilnować pf (imperfective pilnować)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"u‧pil‧no‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"u‧pil‧no‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over (to ensure nothing bad happens to someone)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gen<over whom/what>",
"3": ";",
"4": ":przed(ins)<from what>",
"5": "[':', <LINK(['żeby']){} >, ' ', <LINK(['nie']){} >, \"(inf/past-cl)<what shouldn't happen>\"]"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive ‘over whom/what’; in addition, with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’",
"with żeby nie (+ infinitive"
],
"words": [
"genitive",
"‘over",
"whom/what’;",
"in",
"addition",
"past-tense",
"clause)",
"‘what",
"shouldn't",
"happen’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to watch over (to ensure nothing bad happens to someone) [with genitive ‘over whom/what’; in addition, with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "uchronić"
},
{
"word": "ustrzec"
}
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over (to ensure that someone does what they ought to)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc<over whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative ‘over whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"accusative",
"‘over",
"whom’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to watch over (to ensure that someone does what they ought to) [with accusative ‘over whom’]"
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over (to ensure that something is as it ought to be)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gen<over what>",
"3": "[':', <LINK(['żeby']){} >, ' ', <LINK(['nie']){} >, \"(inf/past-cl)<what shouldn't happen>\"]"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive ‘over what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with żeby nie (+ infinitive"
],
"words": [
"genitive",
"‘over",
"what’;",
"past-tense",
"clause)",
"‘what",
"shouldn't",
"happen’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to watch over (to ensure that something is as it ought to be) [with genitive ‘over what’; or with żeby nie (+ infinitive or past-tense clause) ‘what shouldn't happen’]"
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to watch over each other (to ensure nothing bad happens to one another),"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘from",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"watch over",
"watch over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to watch over each other (to ensure nothing bad happens to one another), [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from what’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ustrzec się"
}
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/u.pilˈnɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u.pilˈnɔ.vat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "upilnować"
}
Download raw JSONL data for upilnować meaning in All languages combined (13.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.